Albert Eisnstien Essays - Albert Einstein, Einstein Family

Albert Eisnstien ALBERT EINSTEIN Of all the scientists to emerge from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries there is one whose name is known by almost all living people. While most of these do not understand this man's work, everyone knows that its impact on the world of science is astonishing. Yes, many have heard of Albert Einstein's General Theory of relativity, but few know about the intriguing life that led this scientist to discover what some have called, The greatest single achievement of human thought. Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on March 14, 1874. Before his first birthday, his family had moved to Munich where young Albert's father, Hermann Einstein, and uncle set up a small electro-chemical business. He was fortunate to have an excellent family with which he held a strong relationship. Albert's mother, Pauline Einstein, had an intense passion for music and literature, and it was she that first introduced her son to the violin in which he found much joy and relaxation. Also, he was very close with his younger sister, Maja, and they could often be found in the lakes that were scattered about the countryside near Munich. As a child, Einstein's sense of curiosity had already begun to stir. A favorite toy of his was his father's compass, and he often marvelled at his uncle's explanations of algebra. Although young Albert was intrigued by certain mysteries of science, he was considered a slow learner. His failure to become fluent in German until the age of nine even led some teachers to believe he was disabled. Einstein's post-basic education began at the Luitpold Gymnasium when he was ten. It was here that he first encountered the German spirit through the school's strict disciplinary policy. His disapproval of this method of teaching led to his reputation as a rebel. It was probably these differences that caused Einstein to search for knowledge at home. He began not with science, but with religion. He avidly studied the Bible seeking truth, but this religious fervor soon died down when he discovered the intrigue of science and math. To him, these seemed much more realistic than ancient stories. With this new knowledge he disliked class even more, and was eventually expelled from Luitpold Gymnasium being considered a disruptive influence. Feeling that he could no longer deal with the German mentality, Einstein moved to Switzerland where he continued his education. At sixteen he attempted to enroll at the Federal Institute of Technology but failed the entrance exam. This forced him to study locally for one year until he finally passed the school's evaluation. The Institute allowed Einstein to meet many other students that shared his curiosity, and It was here that his studies turned mainly to Physics. He quickly learned that while physicists had generally agreed on major principals in the past, there were modern scientists who were attempting to disprove outdated theories. Since most of Einstein's teachers ignored these new ideas, he was again forced to explore on his own. In 1900 he graduated from the Institute and then achieved citizenship to Switzerland. Einstein became a clerk at the Swiss Patent Office in 1902. This job had little to do with physics, but he was able to satiate his curiosity by figuring out how new inventions worked. The most important part of Einstein's occupation was that it allowed him enough time to pursue his own line of research. As his ideas began to develop, he published them in specialist journals. Though he was still unknown to the scientific world, he began to attract a large circle of friends and admirers. A group of students that he tutored quickly transformed into a social club that shared a love of nature, music, and of course, science. In 1903 he married Mileva Meric, a mathematician friend. In 1905, Einstein published five separate papers in a journal, the Annals of Physics. The first was immediately acknowledged, and the University of Zurich awarded Einstein an additional degree. The other papers helped to develop modern physics and earned him the reputation of an artist. Many scientists have said that Einstein's work contained an imaginative spirit that was seen in most poetry. His work at this time dealt with molecules,

Hairhouse Warehouse Research Task Essay

Hairhouse Warehouse Research Task Essay Hairhouse Warehouse Research Task Essay Hairhouse Warehouse: Hairhouse Warehouse is Australia’s largest retail hair care and beauty salon. It provides hair care and beauty products for consumers and training and ongoing support for employees. It was first established in 1992 at Knox City Shopping Centre in Victoria. The franchising commenced 20 years ago and since then has grown to more than 142 salons Australia wide. The investment required in order to start up a Hairhouse Warehouse franchise, is anywhere between $350,000 - $550,000 and agreement terms of up to 7 years. It has franchises all over Australia and plans on expanding by going international. To be a successful franchisee at Hairhouse Warehouse is a drive and passion to achieve. The training in which must be obtained a 1 week induction in the support center and 3 weeks of training taking the franchiser through store systems and processes, as well as ongoing store support. Face to face training and ongoing online training is needed to maintain leadership, store sales and salon sales. The marketing support provided includes television, radio, cinema, digital and social media, print collateral, including catalogue as well as the in-house development of all in-store point of sale. Gelatissimo: Gelatissimo is a retail franchise where franchisees make fresh artisan gelato on site with the finest ingredients from authentic family recipes using a simple and easy to use system. Gelatissimo not only offers gelato, but also cones, sundaes, cakes, coffee and sweets. It was establishes in 2002 and franchising was offered in 2004. There are 45 Gelatissimo outlets worldwide and 24 of those outlets are in Australia. To invest in Gelatissimo, the fee is $50,000 and the contract agreement terns is a five year term with a five year option. The franchise operates in Rydalmere in NSW. The qualification required is a need to have a passion for the brand and a desire to provide excellent customer service. There is no requirement in food preparation or gelato making as Gelatissimo trains its franchises in all aspects of the business. The training which must be taken I s an initial three week comprehensive training course as well as ongoing and advanced training available for all franchisees. The marketing support provided at Gelatissimo is a professional marketing team devises and handles all national marketing and assists franchisees with ongoing local store marketing support Jetts Fitness: Jetts is Australia’s most successful fitness chain, revolutionizing the fitness industry with its 24/7, low cost, convenient club model. It provides personal trainers and gym equipment for customer to use. It was established in 2007 became a franchise not long after in 2007. There are 250+ units throughout Australia and New Zealand and is still expanding. The investment required is $300,00 -$400,00 excluding leased equipment and a 5 year contract agreement term. Jetts franchise operates all over Australia and New Zealand, however the head office is located in Queensland. The qualifications required to join the franchise is a passion for success and Jetts offers you the freedom of choice to keep your day job as our business owners are semi-passive with a little as 10 hours a

Port Development and Reform Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Port Development and Reform - Case Study Example Appendix - 1 refers all the sources of Busan Port those are used to collect information where as Appendix - 2 en-lists all the sources of Felixstowe Port. The paper is presented on request of Acedemia-Reaserch's Customer on the topic 'Port Development & Reform'" "Opened under the name of Busanpo in 1876" (BRMAPO, n.d, "Introduction", 'Status of port ') and "called Pusanpo during 10th to 14th centuries", it "was a chiefdome of Jinhan in2nd and 3rd centuries AD", (World Port Source, "Port Of Busan", 'Port History', 2009), "Busan Port has developed into a modern port equipped with four ports, such as North Port, South Port, Gamcheon Port and Dadaepo Port, six container terminals and an international passenger terminal. It has constantly been upgraded since commencement of wharf construction in 1906." (BRMAPO, n.d,"Introduction",'Status of port '). Brief about its history (The "Settlement of japanese in port", See Appendix - 1, 2009). "Located in the South Eastern end of the South Korean peninsula (35 04' 42" north latitude, 129 01' 01" east longitude), Serving as a gateway between the Pacific Ocean and Eurasian Continent.". "Surrounded by mountains and islands, So, water is still and the tidal difference is small. Adjacent to one of the world's three arterial routes, Busan Port is equipped with naturally advantageous conditions.". (BRMAPO, n.d, "Introduction",' Geographical Conditions'). "It's boundaries start from the southern end of Sinmyeong in Myeong-dong of Jinhae-si through the southeastern end of Wudo Island, southwestern end of Yeondo Island, western end of Cheonsumal, Gadeokdo Island, southern end of Gadeokgo Island, Saedngdo Island, Oryukdo Island and 57m mountain top of Dongbaekseom Island in Haeundae into the southern end of Gwanganni Beach." (BRMAPO, n.d, "Introduction", 'Port Boundaries'). "Offers state-of-the-art facilities and is directly linked to both road and rail to Seoul and other industrial areas

How a Firm's HR Strategy Could Be Its Source of Competitive Advantage Essay

How a Firm's HR Strategy Could Be Its Source of Competitive Advantage - Essay Example This paper illustrates that HRM has come about as a feature within the modern day organization which has changed its face upside down. It has turned the tide in the favor of recruitment and selection policies, made aspects like performance management rewarding, focused more on incentives and bonuses, relied on the importance of having a proper hiring and firing regime and many other initiatives are also in line when one thinks of HRM in the truest sense. The single most basic aspect that HRM brings to the fore is its ability to make the employees and workers feel counted for their actions and they realize that their voice is also getting heard within the midst of any company, firm or entity so to speak. Competitive advantage is important to understand because it dictates the manner in which HRM brings in the much touted for the value of the organization. The differing stance of the organization in terms of its human resources is manifested through the competitive advantage which is d ocumented in a number of varied ways. It must be remembered here that competitive advantage works to the benefit of the HRM regimes and thus building up of the same would mean incentives for the organization in the long run. It must be understood that competitive advantage and HRM work hand in hand, in order to bolster the organization in different ways – all of which build value at the end of the day. The origin of HRM thus emanates from the auspices of a single department taking care of all the management concerns. This would include finance people handling recruitment and selection duties as well as top management taking care of each other’s dealings and duties. What HRM has changed is to provide the employees a department for their own selves and now they know they could make themselves feel heard when it comes to drafting policies, amending proposals and strategies and changing the course of action as per the employee undertakings and similar avenues of employee s cope are concerned. Thus the most basic definition of HRM is to devise means for getting to the employees in a direct manner – taking care of their concerns, rewarding them for their works, listening to their demands and getting work done out of them.

Internet Censorship Essay Example for Free

Internet Censorship Essay Introduction Censorship had always been a subject of debate among those who want media to be censored and those who feel that censorship is a violation of the freedom of speech. The internet has not escaped the issue of censorship. The internet is an information highway and no other form of media is as pervasive and far reaching. Those who favor censoring the internet feels that there should be some form of protection for minors and all people from viewing offensive materials on the internet while those who are against it believes that people should be given the right to choose what to view or not as stated in the first amendment. This paper discusses the arguments for the need to censor the internet and why it should not be censored. Background With the observed prevalence of indecent language and obscene pictures in the internet, groups and organizations have called on for the censorship of the internet. The government’s response to this call was the Communications Decency Act of 1996 which was passed into law by the United States Congress; the act would regulate the forms of speech in the internet (Wallace Mangan, 1996). The law was seen by pro-censorship groups as a way of minimizing immoral content in the internet which might have contributed to the moral degeneration of our society (Qazi, 1996). A year after, the Supreme Court ruled that the CDA was unconstitutional and in turn protected the first amendment (EPIC, 2002). The victory of the free speech proponents over the CDA was short lived, in 1998; the Child Online Protection Act was signed into law by President Clinton which in essence took after the CDA. The COPA mandated criminal penalties for commercially distributing materials harmful to minors including indecent speech (EPIC, 2004). The enactment of COPA again resulted to heated debates and protests over the unconstitutionality of the law, and the free speech protesters were not disappointed. In 2004, after a series of Supreme Court ruling against the COPA, it maintained the injunction on the enforcement of the law. Communications Decency Act of 1996 The President signed the Communications Decency Act into law in January 1996; the act criminalizes indecent speech on the internet. The act identifies that speech depicting sexual organs and acts, excretory organs and acts in a patently offensive fashion under contemporary community standards as indecent speech (Wallace Mangan, 1996). The dubious and vague definition of indecency and the standards by which a word (pure text) is judged to be obscene have made the act questionable. In fact, the CDA was met with violent reactions because it proved to be too restrictive and did not account for situations wherein sexually explicit words have to be used but has scientific, literary, artistic or political values. The act also stated that indecency will be judged based on it being patently offensive, which in practice allows a jury to judge the material as indecent based on how they feel about it, regardless of its scientific, literary or artistic value. Moreover, it also permitted the community to determine the standards by which indecency can be measured. This is unrealistic, for every community or state has its own cultural standards and asking people to use words or materials that are acceptable to each community means restricting speech to the most conservative standards. On the other hand, the Morality in Media, the National Law Center for Children and Families, the National Coalition for the Protection of Children and Families and the Family Research Council, who are pro-CDA argue that the CDA does not infringe upon the first amendment. The act accordingly updates and amends Federal obscenity statutes and dial-a-porn laws and that it requires adults who use patently offensive sexual expression to place blinders on their pornography. Further, they point out that what is indecent is well known to the general public and the mass media and that the court should re-interpret the law to be applied only to prurient pornography (McCullagh, 1996). The Supreme Court easily ruled that the CDA was unconstitutional due to the fact that the act tries to restrict content and this is in direct violation of the first amendment. Child Online Protection Act of 1998 The Child Online Protection Act is another effort to censor the content of the internet. It is different from the CDA in that it specifies that children should be protected from harmful language and materials made available in the internet. Thus violators will be subjected to steep fines and prison terms. As with the case with the CDA the COPA also is judged to be too restrictive. It mandates that all material or written text in the internet be acceptable to children, thus it would mean that the content of the internet is limited to children only. In this respect the act states that identifying data should be provided by adults like credit cards to determine their age, but is also discriminatory to those adults who do not have credit cards. Thus the act again is a threat to the freedom of speech that is a fundamental and basic right to each human being. The Supreme Court also finds the act unconstitutional and even after a series of appeals and injunctions; it has maintained that the act cannot be enforced into law. Meanwhile, those who endorse the COPA articulate that the act is dissimilar from the CDA because it applies to commercial pornographic sites. In an attempt to refute the arguments of those against the COPA, the pro groups reiterate that it is economically and technically feasible for the identified sites to check for the age of the surfers and that defining what is harmful to minors is not vague and complicated and can easily be implemented by the states (Macavinta, 1999). They feel that the COPA is needed at this time and age because of the necessity of protecting our children from being corrupted by harmful materials in the internet that may be a cause for abuse and exploitation (Macavinta, 1998). Conclusions Efforts to censor the internet have failed because as an interactive medium it is a vehicle for the expression of man’s freedom of speech. Any attempt by the government to restrict it is a violation of the fundamental human rights of each individual in this democratic country. But the justification for the need of a law to protect children from pornography and violent materials in any form is undeniably valid and should be also be respected. The Supreme Court has also supported the free speech groups in their fight against censorship and is undeniably a champion of the first amendment, but it does not mean that the SC do not give due importance to children’s welfare and safety but striking a balance between the freedom of speech and censorship is a difficult battle to win. Bibliography Communications Decency Act (February 2, 2002). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/cda/ Internet Censorship (February 1, 2002). Electronic Privacy Information Center, RetrievedApril 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/censorship/ Macavinta, C. (1998). Suit filed against CDA II, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://news. com. com/Suit+filed+against+CDA+II/2100-1023_3-217005. html? tag=st. rn Macavinta, C. (1999). DOJ to wrap up pro-COPA testimony, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://news. com. com/DOJ+to+wrap+up+pro-COPA+testimony/2100-1023_3-220574. html McCullagh, D. (1996). The CDA challenge: The battle of the briefs. Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://www. xent. com/spring96/0582. html Qazi, U. (1996). The internet censorship controversy, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://courses. cs. vt. edu/~cs3604/lib/Censorship/notes. html#6 The Legal Challenge to the Child Online Protection Act (June 29, 2004). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/copa/ Wallace, J. Mangan, M. (1996). The Internet Censorship FAQ, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. spectacle. org/freespch/faq. htm Notes: Actual Materials Cited †¢ Wallace, J. Mangan, M. (1996). The Internet Censorship FAQ, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www.spectacle. org/freespch/faq. htm What threats of censorship exist for the Internet? The principal threat of Internet censorship today is the Communications Decency Act, a law passed by Congress and signed by the President in January, 1996 which would apply quite radical regulations to speech on the Internet. What is the Communications Decency Act (CDA)? The CDA criminalizes indecent speech on the Internet. One section of the CDA defines indecency as speech depicting or describing sexual or excretory acts or organs in a patently offensive fashion under contemporary community standards. Each of these clausesindecent, depicting or describing, patently offensive, and contemporary community standardshides a landmine threatening the future of freedom of speech in this country. †¢ Communications Decency Act (February 2, 2002). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/cda/ In a landmark decision issued on June 26,1997, the Supreme Court held that the Communications Decency Act violated the First Amendments guarantee of freedom of speech. †¢ The Legal Challenge to the Child Online Protection Act (June 29, 2004). Electronic Privacy Information Center, Retrieved April 20, 2006 from http://www. epic. org/free_speech/copa/ In October 1998, Congress passed and President Clinton signed into law the Child Online Protection Act (COPA), the sequel to CDA. COPA establishes criminal penalties for any commercial distribution of material harmful to minors. †¢ McCullagh, D. (1996). The CDA challenge: The battle of the briefs. Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://www. xent. com/spring96/0582. html. The arguments advanced in the brief a joint venture of Morality in Media, the National Law Center for Children and Families, the Family Research Council, Enough is Enough! , and the National Coalition for the Protection of Children and Families center around one concept: indecency means pornography. That idea stinks like, well, a rotten egg. Their argument, which mirrors the DoJs, goes as follows: 1. The CDA merely updates and amends Federal obscenity statutes and dial-a-porn laws. 2. All the CDA does is require adults who use patently offensive sexual expression to put electronic blinder racks in front of their pornography. 3. The test for indecency is not vague or overbroad and does not apply to serious works of literature, art, science, and politics. 4. What is indecent is well known to the public and the operators of mass communications media facilities. (If indecency is too vague, the CDA is unconstitutional. ) 5. The court has an obligation to interpret these sections narrowly. That is, the three-judge panel should *reinterpret* the CDA to affect only prurient pornography. Taylor calls this judicial narrowing, and when I spoke with him he insisted that it was what the court will do. †¢ Macavinta, C. (1998). Suit filed against CDA II, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://news. com. com/Suit+filed+against+CDA+II/2100-1023_3-217005. html? tag=st. rn The law simply extends into cyberspace laws that protect children from pornography off the Net, Shyla Welch, director of communication for Enough is Enough, which lobbied for the legislation, said today. †¢ Macavinta, C. (1999). DOJ to wrap up pro-COPA testimony, CNET News. com, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://news.com. com/DOJ+to+wrap+up+pro-COPA+testimony/2100-1023_3-220574. html Proponents of COPA say it is different from the CDA in that it only applies to sites selling pornography. Witnesses will testify today that it is economically and technically feasible for these sites to check surfers IDs through credit cards, adult PINs, or digital signatures. Justice Department witnesses will testify that Web sites will not be harmed financially by the lawand that defining harmful to minors is not as complicated as the ACLU makes it out to be. After all, 48 states have harmful to minors laws on the books, they will argue. †¢ Qazi, U. (1996). The internet censorship controversy, Retrieved April 21, 2006 from http://courses. cs. vt. edu/~cs3604/lib/Censorship/notes. html#6 Both public and private interest groups have shown great concern for the content of material available via the Internet. They are driven by deeply rooted religious and ethical beliefs. They feel that the Internet is a medium that is being abused to allow extremists, unethical, and immoral individuals to corrupt society.

Ryanair airline

Ryanair airline 1.INTRODUCTION Ryanair is an Irish airline competing in European low cost short haul airline industry. They are one of the key players within this market with the jersey of cost leadership and a vision of flying at the cheapest rates to any of their destination. ‘if you find it cheaper elsewhere, we will give you a refund-Micheal OLeary, They are perhaps the most profitable. This report undertakes a detailed strategic analysis of Ryanair against the backdrop of an evolving global airline sector impacted considerably by the financial and economic markets crisis. It looks at Ryanairs current strategy and who and how of the management of that strategy. It identifies how the business functions impacts on the carriers customer relations and leaderships with regard to being a cost leader. It also attempts to give a brief evaluation of Ryanairs financial structure as well as an environmental analysis of the European airline short haul industry and how this affects Ryanair. 2. STRATEGIC POSITION. This is shown using tools like: PESTLE analysis for the macroenvorit, Porters five forces for the industry structure Resources and capabilities. Opportunities and threats of the SWOT analysis developed by Albert Humphrey for the analysis of Ryanairs external factors 2.1PESTLE Analysis Quite a number of these factors can be discussed but has been written in this paper in an order of priority. PESTLE Factors Comments Political EU directives prohibit direct subsidies by governments to their airlines as they work to establish a level-playing field among the regions airlines (Charalambous, 2009). This approach was driven by political developments, as various countries were willing to have a level-playing field across the European Union, not only in the airline sector but also in other various and relevant sectors in their countries. Economic The global airline sector is currently experiencing downfall in passenger travel and have seen falling revenues and also compounded by passengers making bookings at the last minutes for their travel and falling ticket values (Walters, 2009). For the consumer, the economic downturn has impacted the spending of individuals and families, and this has reflected in the lower airline travel being done by consumers (Blake, 2009). Socio-cultural Consumers attitudes towards travel has changed largely in recent times as the high cost of travel compared to other modes of transportation has made consumers more observant and aware not only of other transport alternatives but results in consumers demanding lower cost of travel from airlines. (Flanagan, 2008). This trend was aggravated by the financial and economic downturn which has made consumers manage their finances more closely given the uncertainties that the environment holds. Consumers will be expected to continue to pursue this trend as poorer economic outlook continues in the near future. But, a significant improvement in the confidence in the markets will lead consumers back to utilising airline travel again. Technological There have been technological developments in the airlines sector particularly those relating to improved fuel efficiencies of airlines (Harvey, 2008). In as much as they may be considerably costly at the time of investing or replacing, they are expected to generate substantial cost improvements that would be worth it These improvements, though beneficial would not be considered priorities in the current environment where considerable numbers of airlines are struggling to meet their passenger forecasts and revenue targets, and are posting large losses in their financial results. Legal The directives mentioned in the political factor will be implemented in this factor in specific countries across the European Union to ensure that it is strictly adhered to by each of the members Environmental These issues have been a key focus for the global airline sector in recent years as there has been increased demand for airlines to do their share in lowering the impact of the use of airplanes on the environment and the carbon footprint (Harvey, 2008). Ryanair has been one of the targeted airlines basically because of the large number of flights that it makes every day. This is due to their business model which calls for having their planes in the air for most of the time. This can be in contrast to the goals of environmental awareness for Ryanair to minimise the impact of the carbon footprint on the environment. In as much as environmental issues are important in the airline sector, this may take a back seat as other stakeholders will focus on more pressing issues including the viability of the airlines. This analysis showed that there are a number of developments impacting the airline industry globally and also some others affecting the European airline industry specifically. 2.2INDUSTRY STRUCTURE The Michael Porters Five Forces of competition will be used to analyse the European short haul airline industry. This analysis shows as well the changing influences in the sector with the key developments leading to actions for each factor that were deemed unthinkable only a few months ago. Five Forces Comments Entry Barriers The major barriers to entry include the large capital and relationships across the global airline sector to develop the network plan (Ionides, 2008). I could argue that the entry barriers actually just became even stronger with the poor performance of the sector due to the economic climate and the challenging periods that the players in the sector are facing. Buyer Power The key buyers are the individual consumers and also the travel agencies. Across these groups of buyers, the power would seem to have increased relative to previous situations. The key reason for this is the decreased demand from these groups of buyers (McCartney, 2009A; McCartney, 2009B). Based on this, the buyer power has increased, as much lower prices will be in demand versus previous years. Supplier Power Supplier power has decreased relative to the influence of the other factors. For example, airlines have been willing to reduce the work force considerably as a result of the falling passenger figures. Nevertheless, research has shown that the airlines which work closely with its workers (e.g. Lufthansa) perform better versus its competitors which have a relatively adversarial approach to the management of its work force (e.g. British Airways) and thus have an advantage (Creedy, 2009A). It is interesting to that in this time of hardship for various stakeholders in the global airline sector, it seems that different parties are working closely with each other for the sake of survival Threat of Substitutes There is an increased threat of substitutes. These come from (1) alternative modes of transportation, and (2) alternative activities resulting in lower airline travel. The alternative modes of transportation can only affect destinations where alternative modes of transportation exist and also where it does not become too stressful or inconvenient for the traveller e.g, between the UK and continental Europe. Across these region, alternatives modes of transportation exist, and travel time is not too excessive to make it unacceptable (Anselmo, 2008A). The alternative activities that result in lower demand for airline travel include people and families deciding to travel to destinations that do not require air travel. In the UK, a large number of families have opted to stay within the UK instead of travelling to continental Europe for holidays and weekends (Dick, 2009). Industry Rivalry The industry is expected to continue to see increased rivalry as the competitors try to capture the increasingly limited number of passengers. (Betts, 2008). Rivalry is driven by the decreased demand for travel which led some airlines to lower prices and now compete almost directly with the low-cost carriers such as Ryanair. The competitive position is seen to be high and will continue to do so as the players have put in their investments for the planes and infrastructure and would not manage these differently in order to drive returns. 2.3 Value networks and business partners As for the value chain of Ryanair, their relationships with suppliers provide it with the merit to deliver its low-cost strategy. Key suppliers include amongst others: its work force delivering the services to its customers: working intentionally within the guidelines of Ryanair to deliver its low-cost model to the consumers. the airports in which Ryanair operates in: the government airports work closely with Ryanair in ensuring an agreement that benefits both Ryanair and also the local community where Ryanair lands in. the supplier of its airplanes and other equipment : the supplier of its airplanes and equipment work with Ryanair to customise their fleet for Ryanair to provide their basic low-cost service model to travellers. 3.RESOURCES AND CAPABILITIES 3.1Strategic capabilities Their major capability is their ability to manage their low-cost business model and continue to operate within the parameters set by this model (Wallace, 2009).. Within the context of decreased demand for travel by consumers, its low-cost model has positioned the business extremely well. Ryanair has an advantage over other airlines which are only now adapting to a lower-cost model to match the requirements of the sector due to customers demand and what they are willing to pay for. As part of the low-cost business model, Ryanair relies on a strong, talented and efficient work force that delivers the services promised to customers within the cost model of Ryanair. This is an area that cannot allow for copying the low-cost model of Ryanair, particularly as personnel cost is significant in the airline sector together with fuel cost. 3.2 Key success factors The critical success factors for Ryanair have been their: ability to deliver their low-cost business model, capability to work with and coordinate closely with their suppliers through their talented work force ability to remain consistent to their stated business model and strategy. external recognitions In delivering this model, Ryanair maintained their approach even in the face of rising fuel costs (Ryanair, 2009). The recent year has shown how Ryanair manages their business with their consumers. They manage their cost base well amidst looking for alternative revenue sources to be able to generate additional revenues to offset increased costs from the impact of the oil prices. In working with their suppliers, Ryanair showed that the way to excel in the sector is to ensure that suppliers are also reaping the benefits of doing business with Ryanair (Wallace, 2009). There is a two-way relationship. Whether the current environment remains or the outlook becomes more favourable, Ryanair is positioned to capture the large part of the consumer demand for air travel to their destinations The success of Ryanair can also be seen from external recognitions. In December 2008, Ryanair was included in the list of Britains Most Admired Companies (BMAC), the first time it had been included in the list (Management Today, 2008).Over the past years, Ryanairs CEO, Michael OLeary, has been included in the list of the 30 Most Respected CEOs of Barrons, a global list of CEOs noted for â€Å"doing outstanding jobs of keeping their companies out of trouble and on course through conservative financial management, a strong focus on the customer and relentless innovation† (Barrons, 2009). 4. IMPLICATIONS OF STRATEGIC POSITIONING Dennis Foster (2006) stated in his lecture on Managing Strategic Change thatchange is a ‘people based process. This means that both staff and customers will have implications on Ryanairs strategic positioning and any changes they make to it.As supported in the leadership section of the report there is a good workingatmosphere and relationship between OLeary and his employees. Cavendish (2006) argues that ‘Ryanairs revenues last year apparently included almost two million flights that were booked by passengers who never showed up. While this is good for Ryanair from a financial point of view, it does not reflect good will on them from a customer relations aspect and could affect their position and strategy.Ryanairs recent trouble profit wise certainly would have had implications ontheir strategic positioning as they would have had to re-evaluate their strategy. The following table indicates the themes across the relevant strength and weaknesses derived from their core competencies factors in looking out for Ryan airs resources and capabilities SWOT Factors Comments Strengths Ryanairs business model is their major strength. In the current environment where travellers are searching for the lowest cost alternative to travel, Ryanair continues to provide customers with airline travel as an alternative that is worth considering (Moorcroft, 2009). Quite unusually, the current economic crisis has also helped Ryanair increase their market share in the sector as customers have moved to lower-cost airlines to manage their various costs of travel and this has helped fuel the continued growth of Ryanair despite the crisis, and has also helped position Ryanair to continue to see strategic growth initiatives in the sector (Brothers, 2008; Creedy, 2009B). Ryanair has developed strong relationships with various stakeholders. They are aware of the importance of working with their stakeholders to deliver the necessary services to consumers (McDonald, 2007). This is a key strength of Ryanair. Weaknesses Ryanair is largely a European airline even though it has the largest number of flights internationally among the worlds global airlines (Done, 2009). Thus, its revenues are undiversified in terms of regions, and thus any impact on the European airline market has a significant impact on the performance considerably and much more relative to other airlines which have geographically diverse revenue sources. The above strength and weaknesses showed that there are a considerable number of opportunities available for Ryanair. However; this would have to be carefully looked into given the significance of existing threats in the sector. 5. STRATEGIC CHOICE In an industry where news of poor performances has been seen largely on the front page of newspapers since the start of the financial and economic markets crisis, the performance of Ryanair has been a tremendous positive news to the industry as it has faced the challenges brought on by the crisis. Ryanair continues to benefit from the crisis as the consumers switch to lower cost travel alternatives (Milmo, 2008). However, the lower revenues generated and the falling number of passengers has still impacted the business as Ryanair announced losses for the first time since 1997, and expect that there may be further challenges in the near future (Bhargava, 2008). In a recent announcement of results, â€Å"Ryanair, Europes largest low fare airlines today, announced a Q3 loss of EUR102m, (compared to a profit of EUR35m in last years Q3), as average fares fell by 9% to EUR34, fuel costs rose by 71% to EUR328m, revenues rose by 6% to EUR604.5m, as traffic grew 13% to 14m, as more consumers switch to Ryanairs low fares from high fare competitors† (RNS, 2009). Ryanairs strong position in the industry has allowed it to pursue inorganic activities despite the financial and economic markets crisis and even in the face of a challenging environment for the airline industry. While most of the players in this sector will likely pursue the lowering of costs to managing its operations, Ryanair continues to surprise analysts and investors alike. Ryanair continues to pursue its interest in Aer Lingus. A key reason for the interest of Ryanair in Aer Lingus is that it owns a substantial part(29%) of the airline and is concerned about the poor performance of the airline and the impact it has on the value of Ryanairs shareholdings (Hancock, 2008). In as much as these opportunities exist for Ryanair. The global airline industry is currently facing a large number of threats that may be hindrances to achieving these opportunities. Some of which are the fluctuating US$ exchange rate and the fuel prices. These threats have prevented airlines from realising a stable stream of earnings in recent periods with a considerable amount of time being spent on management, with some pursuing to hedge, the changing value of the US$ and also the volatile oil and fuel prices (Anselmo, 2008B).Another threat is the continued recession seen in the major economies which is still playing an impact on the reduced travel of airline passengers with substitutes for air travel seeing increased volumes. 6. STRATEGIC DECISION AND RECOMMENDED STRATEGY Goingforward, Ryanair can continue to be positioned as a niche cost leader in the global airline sector by pursuing the opportunities that currently exist and also addressing the weaknesses that exist within the firm. By so doing, Ryanair will be able to capture the demand from consumers of low-cost travel and also position it to weather any further difficulties in the market that may be limited only to specific regions in which Ryanair operates in. For low-cost carriers in particular, a key threat is the potential move of full-service airlines into the business model of carriers such as Ryanair and easy Jet given the demand of passengers for lower-cost travel (Furlonger, 2009). This will only increase the competition in the sector overall and, in particular, in the low-cost segment of the market. Ryanairs Innovativeness has ensured its sustainability and will carry them forward into the future. To recommend any major changes would be to predict how the airline industry will change which ultimately cannot be foreseen. However, the following decisions can be considered the advent of new routes will bring more customers, from both departure points. a subtle shift in their strategy could be appropriate. For example offering drinks vouchers onboard for the customers next flight might entice more people back CRITICAL REFLECTION If there is anything i gained on this course. It is the fact that it not clear cut, but contains a number of complementary and opposing schools of thought. In the paper above, i will like to reflect particularly on the limitation of most of the theories i learnt. Although, they are seen as the bedrock of strategic planning. Not much emphasis is laid on the leadership, culture, power and politics in the process of strategy formulation in developing and evaluating organizational strategies. As seen in the strategic audit of Ryanair using at least 6models of strategic theories and i can count how many times the power and politics were mentioned in as much as Michael OLeary was mentioned. The emphasis in strategic planning models is more on the environment , profits and losses ,customers, competitors and growth. Even though SP involves all business functions in an organisation, i can say that it is done from the top. As a matter of fact, most decisions made are from the top. I wonder why there is then little emphasis on the power and politics within Ryanair. Should the present CEO be replaced, what will the future hold for this company. This will happen eventually as retirement will come some day. I wonder what the power play is like in this organisation. I know the destinations that the carrier flies to, I know the strengths and weaknesses, i also have a clear idea of its competitors, customers, and suppliers. But there was no model allowing me to spend time looking into politics in Ryanair, What if the strategic recommendations i made will be affected by politics within the organisation, maybe based on the personal interest of key members on the board of ryanair. The present CEO wasnt even looked into with such details but for his fame in the face of the media, maybe there was nothing that focuses on him. In the nearest future, businesses will be all about people and there will be great pressure on models like PESTLE, SWOT, and the likes. The 7s framework by Mckinsey could be an alternative or better still a key tool at that time because it focuses on the people and their processes. A critical insight into people in an organisation will give room for the study of the politics and power play within a well structured organisation.

A prototype of the Mahindra REVA NXR Essay

Last week, the Indian government revealed more details about its plan to spend 230 billion rupees ($4.2 billion) to stimulate a domestic market for electric vehicles. Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that government and manufacturers would split the pot equally in order to build a domestic industry of low-carbon transport. EV makers and aspiring drivers have reason to doubt the government, which has shown a lack of follow-through in its promises to subsidize electric cars and two-wheelers. In 2010, the government offered buyers a generous rebate on their purchases, but payments stopped a few months later, and the following year the plan was abandoned. India‘s electric auto industry is tiny even by the standards of the fledgling global EV market. The only company making cars is Mahindra REVA, whose two-seater REVAi has sold 2,500 vehicles domestically. Motorcycles and scooters are wildly popular in India, and electric offerings are more diverse, including such players as Yo Bykes, Hero Electric, Ampere and Lohia Auto. All of these manufacturers face a tough sell to the Indian motorist, who has shown reluctance to pay a premium to go electric. Also, frequent power outages have eroded consumer confidence in battery-powered vehicles. Despite these doubts, Mahindra REVA sees big potential for EVs. Early this year it expects to debut a sporty new model, the NXR, and manufacture it in a new factory in Bangalore slated to make 30,000 cars a year within three years. In an interview two weeks ago, Sohinder Gill, the head of the Indian Society of Manufacturers of Electric Vehicles and CEO of Hero Electric, said that he and other leaders in the industry are meeting with government officials to hammer out the details of the EV stimulus plan. In his speech last week, Singh said the subsidies would shave up to 1.5 percent off of India’s carbon dioxide emissions, eliminate the need for up to 2.5 million tons of fuel, and add 6 million to 7 million electric vehicles to the roads by 2020. The last goal may be hard to obtain, considering that the U.S. plan to produce electric vehicles, a far more modest 1 million vehicles by 2015, has been in place several years longer and is already lagging.

Major Problem of teenagers today Essay

Evangeline Pilar Beed II-B Informative Speech Plan Title: Major Problem of teenagers today. Specific Speech Purpose: To inform my engl.III audience what are the major problems of teenagers today. Statement: There are 5 major problems of teenagers today. Introduction I. .Attention Step: are you one of the teenagers who have a problem? You may program for it! In connection with this, I would like to take this opportunity to tell you about the recent finding on the major problem of the teenagers today. Read more: Speech about youth generation essay II. Clarification Step: Body I. Internet and Gaming Addiction a. Younger generations, unlike their parents’ generations, often socialize, hang out, and communicate online, rather than in person. They prefer to text rather than talk on the phone, and often prefer to socialize on Twitter or Facebook rather than in the local bar, on the street or at the town square. b. The digital divide: The younger generation has been referred to as being one of â€Å"Digital Natives† while the older generation has been referred to as one of â€Å"Digital Immigrants.† c. Unlike the older generation, young people are highly capable of effective multitasking, which is sometimes seen by the older generation as a lack of attention and focus. d. Some young people spend much too much time in front of a computer screen, spending up to 20 hours a day, seven days a week. e. Spending countless hours a day, every day, on gaming or perusing the Internet can interfere with young people’s emotional, physical, intellectual and spiritual development. II. Violence In Media a. T.V. influences behavior. If it didn’t, Nike, Budweiser, Pepsi, etc. would not invest billions of dollars in advertisements. b. Violence on T.V. occurs in most programs and even more so, in cartoons. III. Bullying Online and At School a. Bullying is an ongoing pattern of harassment and abuse. It can be done directly by physical or verbal attacks or indirectly by exclusion, spreading rumors, etc. b. Cyberbullying is a growing problem among Middle and High School aged students. While it also occurs among College-aged students, for the most part young people have matured past cyberbullying at that point c. Bullies seek power through aggression and direct their attacks at vulnerable victims. In-person bullies often lose their popularity in high school and have a high likelihood of having a criminal record as adults. IV. Violent Culture a. There is a direct link between the way in which we use power with our children, our significant others, our neighbors and our environment and what we teach our children about violence. b. Cultures in which young children regularly receive loving touch have lower incidents of violent crimes. V. Violence At Home a. One of the main reasons that children become violent is because they are exposed to violence in their own homes, whether it is directed towards them or towards others. b. Violence at home can be of a physical nature, or it can be expressed verbally or through neglect and abandonment. Abusive homes and violent neighborhoods are stronger predictors of adult violent behavior than violence in the media. Most abusive parents were physically or sexually abused as children.

Kabbalah, Assagioli And Transpersonal Psychology

Kabbalah, Assagioli And Transpersonal Psychology Free Online Research Papers Kabbalah, Assagioli And Transpersonal Psychology I have been reading several most interesting chapters on the thinking of Roberto Assagioli, the father of Transpersonal Psychology, as related to Kabbalah. These appear in Opening the Inner Gates: New Paths in Kabbalah and Psychology edited by Edward Hoffman. One chapter entitled Psychosynthesis and Kabbalah is a comparative study between Assagiolis Egg diagram and the Kabbalistic Tree of Life. It is certainly most interesting with lots of practical information, but it is in another chapter entitled Jewish Meditation: Healing Ourselves and Our Relationship that one realizes the influence of Kabbalistic thinking had on Assagioli. Here is a quote for your interest and perusal from that very exciting chapter written by Sheldon Z. Kramer. The Zohar, a major Kabbalistic text, states that the soul has three strands. These three strands are compared to a candle flame. The first part of the candle flame is located near the wick and reflects a black and blue light that is always changing. This lower light is considered the nefesh, or animal soul. The nefesh may be likened to Sigmund Freuds idea of the id, ego, and superego: it is those parts of the personality that are always in flux, owing to inner or outer reactivity based on internal and external desires. Contained within the animal soul is also a variety of different ego identifications based on early childhood experiences that forms ones personality, such as the ambitious one, the procrastinator, or the frightened child. Located directly above the black and blue light is a steady yellow glow in the center of the flame; this section is called the ruach, the divine wind, breath, or spirit. Separate from the nefesh, the ruach has the ability to stand outside all of the inner and outer turbulance with a degree of calm or stability. The ruach state of consciousness can be compared to the eye of the hurricane, which stays calm amid the turbulent winds. It is interesting to note that in all meditation traditions, the breath is a major vehicle of centring oneself for the purpose of refinement of consciousness. Directly above the ruach is the filmy portion of light on top of the candle flame, the neshamah, suprasoul or higher self. The neshamah is the center of unity and bridges all the other parts of the soul into a collective field. The neshamah can be viewed as a catalyst: it participates in all the reactions of the lower two strands, but stands outside them. Another metaphor for the neshamah is that of a prism, which reflects light. As pure white light moves through a prism, a rainbow of colors can be seen. Each of these color qualities, according to the Kabbalah, is reflective of divine attributes such as love, strength, harmony, compassion, patience, tolerance, forgiveness, victory, receptivity, stability, and groundedness. The goal in Jewish meditation is to be able to separate oneself from the identification of the nefesh and attach oneself to ruach with the possibility of bridging with neshamah. Through the refinement of ones attention, one can enter into the ruach state of conscio usness and decrease ones reactivity. By training of ones mind/body to realize this goal, one can have a taste of higher centers of consciousness. It is interesting to note that the above description of the three strands of the soul found in the Zohar reflects the foundation of the core ideas of Roberto Assagioli the father of transpersonal psychology in the development of psychosynthesis. Roberto Assagioli was of definite Jewish origin. When I visited his library in Florence in 1988 I saw scholarly, philosophical, and modern texts on Jewish mysticism. Through my research, I found Assagiolis papers on Judaism and had them translated from Italian in English. It was clear from his writings that he was involved with his own roots because one of these papers was an address he delivered in July 1953 at the International Camp Youth Section of the World Union for Progressive Judaism in Boulogne/Seine. In these writings Assagioli mentions a couple of times the psycho-spiritual parts of the psyche found in Kabbalah: The base of the spiritual psychology of which I am a supporter..is constituted by the biblical affirmations according to which man was made from the image and resembling God..from this basis comes the traditional Jewish teaching of the human psychological constitution consisting of three elements: nefesh [animal soul], ruach [divine wind], and neshamah [supersoul]. This represents spiritual elements..my main endeavor has been to give scientific proof of the evidence and activity of the spiritual soul (neshamah) with the psyche [ruach] as an inspiring and unifying factor. Assagiolis major map of the psyche, which he calls the egg diagram, reflects the image of the oval shape of the candle flame. The bottom of the flame (nefesh) he called the lower unconscious including some parts of the ego which he labeled subpersonalities. The middle flame (ruach), he called the personal I, which was the part of the psyche that could stay objective and aware of the variety of identifications found in the lower unconscious. The upper flame (neshamah) Assagioli divided into a general region that he called the Higher Unconscious. This part of the psyche contained pure sacred attributes or what he called higher qualities, including love, compassion, understanding, patience, humility, tolerance, unity, forgiveness, and joy. The other region of the upper flame was the apex, and the Hebrew correlation corresponded directly to Assagiolis term of the Higher Self, which he also considered in overall unifying center of consciousness.. ..Much of practical meditative work found in psychosynthesis reflects that of practical Kabbalah. Assagioli was careful not to identify his system of psychosynthesis with any one religious or mystical tradition. However, it is clear as we can see from the above descriptions in the Zohar with the main body of his work that some of his main ideas came from the Jewish mystical tradition. It would be interesting to see a complete study of Assagiolis thinking as compared to that of Kabbalah. Maybe some of our Companions on this list are able to enlighten us more on this most exciting subject. Amongst the many incomplete and forthcoming Series on this list, I have been preparing one on the Soul in Man, which, time permitting, I will start to post soon. It certainly is a most important subject, which I had to pay a lot of attention to because of past personal life behaviour due to the influence (or control) of my different selves opposing each other, and manifesting this most aggressively. I realized at the time that marrying opposing principles inside myself was of the utmost importance, if I was to survive in this world. So I dedicated an enormous amount of time to the achievement of that Sacred Marriage inside my own being. I suppose that however much you study and learn, you can eventually only speak from personal experience. In any case, no amount of bookwork has ev er made anybody advanced. Of course, words are valid symbols, but only insofar as they can push you to live out what they represent on paper. No more than that! Research Papers on Kabbalah, Assagioli And Transpersonal PsychologyThree Concepts of PsychodynamicHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsThe Spring and AutumnHip-Hop is ArtHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm X

Aphrodite essays

Aphrodite essays "Muse, tell me the deeds of golden Aphrodite the Cyprian, who stirs up sweet passion in the gods and subdues the tribes of mortal men and birds that fly in air and all the many creatures that the dry land rears, and all that the sea: all these love the deeds of rich-crowned Cytherea." (Hom.Hym.5.5) Aphrodite was beautiful. She was often depicted with flowers and vegetation surrounding her golden aura, representing her connection with fertility. According to the poet Hesiod, Aphrodite was one of the twelve Olympians. The literal meaning of her name is foam born, as she was born from the sea foam that surrounded the immortal flesh, which was the result of the castration of Kronos (Theogony 190). That explains why the Renaissance artist Botticelli depicted her on a giant scallop shell. The Theogony is just one explanation of her creation, which she was born from Kronos alone, and not from a sexual union. As a result she is "characterized as the goddess of pure love that has its end not [at] physical satisfaction but [at] spiritual gratification (CCM)." In contrast to the Theogynys explanation, Homer, who is most famous for the Odyssey and Iliad, tells of her birth as the result of the relations between Zeus and Dione; thus connecting her as the "goddess of sex and procreator of children, whose concerns are of the body and not of the mind, the spirit or the soul (CCM)". These different myths of her creation are just the beginning of the many discrepancies throughout her eternal existence. In Rome, the goddess Venus, was primarily the patroness of vegetable gardens. It was not until the end of the third century B.C., when the cult of Aphrodite began, that Venus took on Aphrodites attributes and legends. Aphrodite is celebrated most predominately in Cyprus where according to the Theogony, she was origionally found. Her most famous cults on Cyprus were within Paphos and Amathus, where she was worshipped for sexual reproduction; ...

Buyer behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Buyer behaviour - Assignment Example The report has been prepared to focus the purchasing behaviour of the user for the Samsung products. Samsung is an international conglomerate company, which was founded in 1938 and is headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The product portfolio of the company comprise of apparel, medical equipments, electronic components, telecommunications equipment, consumer electronics, ships and semiconductors. Samsung also provides wide range of services such as financial services, advertising, health care and medical services, retail, hospitality, entertainment and construction services (Samsung, 2015). The psychological and sociological drivers of consumer behaviour will be assessed through the marketing analysis of Samsung by using different theories and models. Further, the impact of the marketing mix components on the decision-making process of the consumers will also be taken into consideration for the purpose of this report. The customers of Samsung are grouped on the basis of geographic, demographic and psychographic segmentation. According to geographic segmentation, Samsung is targeting the Chinese and Indian market as a priority and then focusing on other regions. According to demographic segmentation, age does not really matter for the Samsung products and it offers its services and goods for all the family sizes. The company targets the customers of middle, upper middle as well as higher class individuals. The company has segmented the customer into three different categories such as teachers and students, self employed and businessman. On the psychographic segmentation basis, Samsung is targeting the users based on their personality as well as lifestyle (Clow and Baack, 2011). Exposure: Mainly perception starts with exposure towards stimuli. Exposure occurs when stimuli come within any of the following senses such as touch, smell, vision, taste and hearing. It has been

Discuss the onset and clinical picture of PTSD in young people with Essay

Discuss the onset and clinical picture of PTSD in young people with reference to the literature and using case examples - Essay Example This critical review is being undertaken in the hope of establishing a clear and comprehensive understanding of PTSD and its impact on young people’s lives. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder is usually seen after a major disaster or traumatic experience. Several studies assessing emotional responses were carried out in the wake of the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center attacks. In a paper by Adams and Boscarino (2006, p. 485), the authors set out to identity the factors associated with PTSD following the World Trade Center Disaster (WTCD) and the changes in PTSD status which were seen over time. This study was a prospective cohort study of New York City adults living in the city on September 11, 2001 and was conducted a year after the attacks and another year after that for follow-up. About 2000 individuals were covered in the first survey and 1600 on the second survey (Adams & Boscarino, 2006, p. 485). The study revealed that in the year immediately following the WTCD, younger females who experienced previous trauma and negative life events, and who had low self-esteem had a greater possibility of developing PTSD (Adams & Boscarino, 20 06, p. 485). In the second year following the September 11 attacks, those who were middle-aged, Latinos, who experienced previous trauma and negative life events, and those who had low self-esteem were more likely to develop PTSD (Adams & Boscarino, 2004, p. 485). The study was able to point out crucial qualities in individuals which made them vulnerable to PTSD after a significant trauma like the September 11 attacks. This study is a peer-reviewed research conducted by reputable experts in the field of psychology and psychiatry. The study presented in detail the different characteristics present among respondents which make them vulnerable to PTSD. The authors were able to draw an analysis based on reliable statistical results. These results were also related and founded on